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江戸時代のしょうゆ輸出について


Soy Sauce Export in the Edo Period
During Japan’s Edo period (1603-1867), the Edo Shogunate enforced the country’s policy of national isolation, which prohibited both Japanese from going abroad and foreigners from visiting Japan. Only two countries, the Netherlands and China (Ching Dynasty), were the exceptions to this law, but they were permitted to trade only in the city of Nagasaki.

  In 1636, the Shogun raised funds from 25 wealthy Nagasaki merchants for the construction of a small artificial island to be known as Dejima, in order to accommodate the arrival of Portuguese merchants, who were to be allowed access to Japan. Only three years later, however, the Shogunate announced its fifth isolation order, prohibiting Portuguese ships from coming to Japan; all Portuguese were deported, and Dejima was deserted.

  When a Dutch trading firm was relocated to Dejima from Hirado in 1641, Dejima began to function as a center for science and economics, and became a focal point for the European culture that flowed into Japan - and so it remained for the next 218 years.

  It had long been known that Japanese soy sauce was exported to Europe during the Edo period, as substantiated by records found in ,by Denis Diderot, published in France in 1765. Yet until recently, details concerning the amounts of such exports, the actual export routes and the soy sauce manufacturing sites remained unclear.

  Recent research has revealed new details concerning soy sauce export during that era. In this presentation, Soy Sauce Export in the Edo Era, we feature information on trade activities and soy sauce exports during those years of national isolation, based on records found in the , prepared by the Nagasaki Trading Firm of the Dutch East India Company.

〔山脇悌二郎先生プロフィール〕
1914年(大正3年)に生まれる
1950年(昭和25年)東京大学文学部国史学科卒業
1954年(昭和29年)同大学大学院終了
都立第三商業高等学校教論、法政大学大学院・文学部兼任講師を勤める
著書に『近世日中貿易史の研究』(1960年吉川弘文館)
   『享保長崎記』(1965年朝日新聞社)
   『抜け荷』(1965年日経新書)
   『長崎唐人貿易』(1964年吉川弘文館)
   『長崎のオランダ商館』(1980年中央公論社)
   『唐蘭船の伊万里焼輸出』(1988年有田町史 商業編1)
   『近世日本の医薬文化』(1995年平凡社選書) など

今回の展示は、『野田市史研究第3号』(1992年<平成4年>3月、野田市史編さん委員会編)に掲載された先生の論文『江戸時代、醤油の海外輸出』をもとに、概要を「キッコーマン国際食文化研究センター」がまとめたものである

[Profiles of Dr. Teijiro Yamawaki]
1914 Born
1950 Graduated from Faculty of Japanese History, Department of Literature,TokyoUniversity
1954 Doctorate in History, Tokyo University

Currently lecturer at Tokyo Metropolitan Daisan High School of Business Studies; Department of Literatureand Graduate School of Hosei University

Authored work include:
"Modern History of Japan-China Trade" (1960, Yoshikawa-kobunkan)
"History of Nagasaki in Kyoho Period" (1965, Asahi Shimbun Publishing Co.)
"Nukeni (smuggling)" (1965, Nikkei Shinsho)
"Trading with Chinese Merchants in Nagasaki" (1964, Yoshikawa-kobunkan)
"Nagasaki Trading Firm of Dutch Merchants" (1980, Chuokoron)
"Export of Imari Porcelain by Mediation of Chinese and Dutch Merchants"
(1988, Arita Town History, Commerce Edition 1)
"Pharmaceutical Culture in Modern Japan" (1996, Heibonsha), etc.

This presentation has been prepared by Kikkoman Institute For International Food Culture based on a summary of Dr. Yamawaki's thesis, "Soy Sauce Export in the Edo Period," published in "History of Noda City, Vol.3" (March, 1992, Noda City History Editorial Committee).


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